Currently, three letters are a hot topic in the legal, business and financial world: ESG (Environmental, Social & Governance). Simultaneously with the rise of ESG, so-called “ESG disputes” emerged. Two notable examples within this context are the legal battles between Urgenda and the Dutch State (the “Urgenda case“) and the case initiated by Milieudefensie against Royal Dutch Shell (the “RDS case“). In both cases, successful class actions were taken to enforce responsible climate policies in the courtroom.